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Voluntary donors-need for a second look.

Naveen Kakkar1, Rupinder Kaur, Jasbir Dhanoa

  • 1Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab. n_kakkar@satyam.net.in

Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology
|November 22, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Blood safety in India is a concern, as voluntary donations are low. This study found slightly higher transfusion-transmitted diseases in voluntary donors compared to replacement donors, highlighting the need for better donor programs.

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Area of Science:

  • Transfusion Medicine
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Voluntary non-remunerated blood donation is crucial for safe blood transfusion services.
  • India faces challenges with a low and poorly structured voluntary blood donation system.
  • Ensuring blood safety is paramount, especially with a reliance on replacement donors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the seroprevalence of transfusion-transmitted diseases (TTDs) among replacement and voluntary blood donors in India.
  • To compare the prevalence of TTDs between voluntary and replacement blood donors.
  • To identify specific TTDs prevalent in different donor groups.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study analyzing data from 41,122 blood donors over a three-and-a-half-year period.

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  • Data collection included seroprevalence for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis, and malaria.
  • Donors were categorized into replacement (94.7%) and voluntary (5.3%) groups for comparative analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • The overall prevalence of TTDs was marginally higher in voluntary donors (3.3%) than in replacement donors (2.9%).
    • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases were exclusively found among replacement donors.
    • Hepatitis B and C prevalence showed a slight, non-significant increase in voluntary donors (p>0.05).

    Conclusions:

    • The study suggests that 'voluntary' donations in the Indian context may not always be truly voluntary, impacting blood safety.
    • There is a critical need to strengthen the voluntary blood donor base and raise public awareness.
    • Phasing out replacement donations is recommended to enhance the safety of the blood supply in India.