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Chromate reduction and retention processes within arid subsurface environments.

Matthew Ginder-Vogel1, Thomas Borch, Melanie A Mayes

  • 1Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

Environmental Science & Technology
|November 22, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Chromate reduction in arid sediments is limited. Acidic pretreatment or highly alkaline conditions, like those near nuclear waste tanks, are necessary for significant chromate (Cr(VI)) reduction to Cr(III).

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Geochemistry
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Chromate (Cr(VI)) is a toxic environmental contaminant.
  • Cr(VI) mobility and toxicity decrease upon reduction to Cr(III).
  • Cr(VI) reduction in arid sediments is poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate chromate reduction in arid sediments from the Hanford site.
  • Determine factors limiting mineral reactivity and Cr(VI) reduction.
  • Understand chromium speciation and retention under various conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Examined chromate reduction in Hanford arid sediments.
  • Assessed the impact of acidic pretreatment on mineral beds.
  • Analyzed chromium association with minerals under alkaline conditions (pH > 14).

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Main Results:

  • Chromate reduction was negligible in untreated Hanford sediments.
  • Acidic pretreatment facilitated Cr(III) association with antigorite, lizardite, magnetite, and Fe(II)-bearing clays.
  • Highly alkaline conditions induced Fe(II) dissolution and Cr(VI) reduction.
  • Cr(III) and Cr(VI) associated with portlandite at high pH, indicating secondary retention.

Conclusions:

  • Mineral reactivity is limited in arid environments like Hanford.
  • Significant Cr(VI) reduction is primarily restricted to highly alkaline conditions near leaking radioactive waste tanks.
  • Understanding these processes is crucial for managing chromium contamination.