When is it appropriate to bill physician services using modifier -59?

Accurate coding of medical services is a constant challenge for physicians and could jeopardize a practice if not taken seriously. Insurance carriers use sophisticated claims-processing software that easily identifies coding trends by physicians and flags outliers within specialties. The Office of Inspector General (OIG) and the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) hire auditors to identify areas for review which are commonly miscoded. One area that has been flagged for review is billing with modifier -59 because misuse of this modifier has increased inappropriate reimbursement. Be cautious when using this modifier, due to the legal and compliance ramifications when documentation does not adequately support the "distinct procedural service" to justify the use of modifier -59.