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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

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Cell Lineage Analyses and Gene Function Studies Using Twin-spot MARCM
06:30

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Published on: March 2, 2017

Characterization of MNAR expression.

James G Greger1, Yongjing Guo, Ruth Henderson

  • 1Department of Women's Health and Bone Research Wyeth Research, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.

Steroids
|November 22, 2005
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modulator of nongenomic action of estrogen receptor (MNAR) is highly expressed in fast-proliferating cancer cells and can be manipulated using siRNA or overexpression. MNAR

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular signaling
  • Molecular biology
  • Cancer research

Background:

  • Modulator of nongenomic action of estrogen receptor (MNAR) integrates estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and other nuclear receptors (NRs) in regulating the Src/Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway.
  • MNAR is a scaffolding protein with motifs for NR and kinase interaction, forming complexes that activate Src and downstream signaling.
  • The ER-MNAR-cSrc complex is crucial for activating the Ras/Raf/MAPK signaling cascade.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare MNAR expression across diverse cell lines.
  • To optimize methods for manipulating MNAR expression (knockdown and overexpression).
  • To investigate the cellular distribution of MNAR.

Main Methods:

  • Differential expression analysis of MNAR in various cell lines.
  • Development and optimization of siRNA-mediated MNAR knockdown.
  • Establishment of a protocol for MNAR overexpression in MCF-7 cells.
  • Fractionation of cellular components to determine MNAR localization.

Main Results:

  • MNAR expression is differential, with highest levels in rapidly proliferating cancer cell lines (MCF-7, Jurkat, LNCaP, SaOS2).
  • MNAR was undetectable in COS-7 and CHO-K1 cells.
  • Optimized protocols for MNAR knockdown and overexpression were established in MCF-7 cells.
  • Exogenously expressed MNAR was found in both cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions, predominantly in the cytoplasm.

Conclusions:

  • MNAR expression correlates with cell proliferation rates.
  • MNAR's presence in the nucleus suggests a potential role in gene expression regulation.
  • The study provides tools for further investigation into MNAR's function in signaling and gene regulation.