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Related Experiment Videos

Virus removal by iron coagulation-microfiltration.

Bintuan Zhu1, Dennis A Clifford, Shankar Chellam

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204-4003, USA.

Water Research
|November 22, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Iron coagulation followed by microfiltration (MF) significantly enhances virus removal in water treatment. This process effectively removes MS2 bacteriophage, achieving over 4-log removal with optimal iron dosages and pH conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Water Treatment Technologies
  • Virology

Background:

  • Microfiltration (MF) alone shows limited efficiency in removing small viruses like MS2 bacteriophage.
  • Iron coagulation is a potential pretreatment method to enhance virus removal in water treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the virus removal efficiency of iron coagulation combined with microfiltration.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of virus removal by iron coagulation-MF.

Main Methods:

  • Bench-scale studies using MS2 bacteriophage as a tracer virus.
  • Ferric chloride coagulation at dosages of 0-10 mg/L Fe(III) and pH adjustment (6.3-8.3).
  • Subsequent microfiltration (MF) to assess virus removal.

Main Results:

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  • MF alone achieved <0.5 log removal of MS2 virus.
  • Iron coagulation pretreatment significantly improved virus removal, reaching >4-log removal at 10 mg/L Fe and pH 6.3.
  • Lowering pH from 8.3 to 6.3 enhanced virus removal for higher iron dosages (5-10 mg/L).

Conclusions:

  • Virus removal occurs via adsorption of negatively charged MS2 viruses onto positively charged iron oxyhydroxide flocs before MF.
  • Iron coagulation pretreatment is crucial for effective virus removal by MF.
  • MS2 viruses were not inactivated during the coagulation process.