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Inhibition of host peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation ex vivo by Rinderpest virus

J Heaney1,2, S L Cosby2, T Barrett1

  • 1Institute for Animal Health, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.

The Journal of General Virology
|November 22, 2005
PubMed

Insights

Rinderpest virus (RPV) infection suppresses cattle immune cells, with wild-type strains causing more significant and lasting impairment than vaccine strains. This immunosuppression is dose-dependent on the virus.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Immunology
  • Animal Health

Background:

  • Rinderpest virus (RPV), a Morbillivirus related to Measles virus (MV), causes cattle plague and exhibits immunosuppressive properties.
  • Morbilliviruses are known for their in vitro and in vivo immunosuppressive effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immunosuppressive effects of different Rinderpest virus (RPV) strains on cattle peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
  • To compare the impact of wild-type and vaccine strains of RPV on PBMC proliferation and identify correlations with viral load.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental infection of cattle with wild-type and vaccine strains of RPV.
  • Isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from infected and control cattle.
  • Assessment of PBMC proliferation assays.
  • Flow-cytometric analysis to quantify infected cells and correlate with lymphoproliferative suppression.

Main Results:

  • RPV infection, from both wild-type and vaccine strains, impaired the proliferation of PBMCs from uninfected cattle.
  • The immunosuppressive effect of the RPV vaccine strain was significantly weaker and more transient compared to wild-type strains.
  • Flow cytometry revealed a virus dose-dependent proportion of infected PBMCs, which correlated with the degree of lymphoproliferative suppression.

Conclusions:

  • RPV infection leads to immunosuppression in cattle, affecting PBMC proliferation.
  • RPV vaccine strains induce a less potent and shorter-lived immunosuppressive effect than wild-type RPV.
  • The extent of immunosuppression is directly related to the dose of RPV and the proportion of infected PBMCs.

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