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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

156.0K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
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Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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Replication in Prokaryotes02:35

Replication in Prokaryotes

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Overview
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Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

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Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
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Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.5K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.5K
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

40.6K
An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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Circulating Tumor Cell Lines: an Innovative Tool for Fundamental and Translational Research
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VSV-tumor selective replication and protein translation.

Glen N Barber1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA. gbarber@med.miami.edu

Oncogene
|November 22, 2005
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) shows promise as an antitumor agent. Understanding how cancer cells

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Area of Science:

  • Oncolytic virotherapy
  • Molecular virology
  • Cancer biology

Background:

  • Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is emerging as a potent antitumor agent.
  • Understanding host-cell permissiveness to VSV is crucial for developing effective oncolytic virus therapies.
  • Tumor cells often exhibit defects in innate immune responses, particularly the interferon (IFN) system, which can facilitate oncolysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To dissect the molecular determinants of host-cell permissiveness to VSV.
  • To explore how defects in cellular pathways, such as innate immunity and translational regulation, contribute to VSV's oncolytic activity.
  • To inform the design of next-generation recombinant VSV vectors for disease treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent developments in innate immunity research.
  • Analysis of studies on cancer cell translational regulation.
  • Utilizing VSV as a model system to investigate viral oncolysis mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Flaws in the interferon (IFN) system are implicated in tumor cell permissiveness to VSV.
  • Defects in cancer cell translational regulation may be exploited by VSV for replication.
  • Multiple defective cellular pathways likely cooperate to mediate rapid oncolytic virus activity.

Conclusions:

  • Innate immunity defects, especially in the IFN system, play a significant role in VSV-mediated oncolysis.
  • Dysregulation of translational control in cancer cells presents a vulnerability that VSV can exploit.
  • Further research into these cellular mechanisms will enhance the development of VSV-based cancer therapies.