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Looking back: rheumatoid arthritis--aetiology, occurrence and mortality
1Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. deborah.symmons@manchester.ac.uk
Rheumatology (Oxford, England)
|November 25, 2005
Summary
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) incidence and prevalence have decreased in UK women over 50 years, with cardiovascular disease being the main cause of excess mortality. Lifestyle factors like obesity and smoking increase RA risk, while the oral contraceptive pill and fruit intake may offer protection.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Rheumatology
- Public Health
Background:
- Early studies by Kellgren and Lawrence established baseline rheumatoid arthritis (RA) incidence and prevalence in the UK.
- Subsequent research, including updates from Norfolk, provides current epidemiological data on RA.
- Understanding RA trends is crucial for public health strategies and resource allocation.
Observation:
- Current annual RA incidence is 36/100,000 in women and 14/100,000 in men.
- RA affects 0.8% of the adult population.
- Significant declines in RA incidence, prevalence, and mortality have been observed in women over the past 50 years.
Findings:
- Excess mortality in RA patients is primarily linked to cardiovascular disease.
- Identified risk factors for RA development include obesity, smoking, high red meat consumption, prior blood transfusion, and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
- Protective factors against RA include oral contraceptive pill use and adequate fruit consumption.
Implications:
- These findings highlight the evolving epidemiology of RA and its association with lifestyle factors.
- Public health initiatives should focus on mitigating identified risk factors and promoting protective behaviors.
- Further research into the mechanisms underlying RA development and prevention is warranted.