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Neuromuscular and biomechanical characteristic changes in high school athletes: a plyometric versus basic resistance
S M Lephart1, J P Abt, C M Ferris
1Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. lephart@pitt.edu
British Journal of Sports Medicine
|November 25, 2005
Summary
Basic resistance training improved neuromuscular and biomechanical characteristics in female athletes, enhancing knee and hip function and muscle activation. Plyometric training may further optimize muscular activation patterns for injury prevention.
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Biomechanics
- Exercise Physiology
Background:
- Injury prevention programs have reduced knee ligament injuries in female athletes.
- Limited research exists on neuromuscular and biomechanical changes post-training.
- Optimal training for female athlete landing mechanics remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the impact of an 8-week plyometric and basic resistance training program.
- To assess changes in neuromuscular and biomechanical characteristics in female athletes.
Main Methods:
- Twenty-seven high school female athletes were divided into plyometric or basic resistance training groups.
- Evaluated knee/hip strength, landing mechanics, and muscle activity (EMG) pre- and post-intervention.
- Jump-landing task analyzed preactive and reactive muscle activation of thigh and hip muscles.
Main Results:
- Both groups showed improved knee extensor strength and increased knee/hip flexion during landing.
- Significant increases in gluteus medius preactive and reactive EMG were observed in both groups.
- Basic resistance training alone yielded positive neuromuscular and biomechanical adaptations.
Conclusions:
- Basic resistance training effectively improved neuromuscular and biomechanical measures in female athletes.
- Plyometric training offers potential for enhancing muscular activation patterns.
- Both training modalities contribute to improved athletic performance and injury reduction strategies.
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