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Related Experiment Videos

Aging and inhibitory errors on a motor shift of set task.

Lauren M Potter1, Madeleine A Grealy

  • 1Department of Applied Psychology, School of Life Sciences, John Muir Bldg, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK. L.M.Potter@hw.ac.uk

Experimental Brain Research
|November 25, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Older adults show significant declines in inhibitory control, impacting action planning earlier than previously thought. This age-related cognitive decline affects motor learning and task switching abilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Aging Research
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Inhibitory functions are crucial for cognitive aging and preventing age-related cognitive decline.
  • The impact of inhibitory decline on the control of action remains under-investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the inhibition of primed movement plans in favor of novel ones in older and younger adults.
  • To determine the age of onset for significant deficits in motor inhibition.

Main Methods:

  • A motor analogy of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was employed.
  • 134 older adults (60-88 years) and 133 younger adults (20-59 years) participated.
  • The study assessed the ability to inhibit a primed movement plan for a novel one.

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Main Results:

  • The majority of older adults demonstrated failures in motor inhibition by their sixties, earlier than WCST deficits.
  • Approximately 40% of older adults failed to learn on the second attempt, with most never achieving learning.
  • A subset of older adults (10%) performed comparably to younger adults.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related decline in inhibitory control significantly impacts motor action planning, manifesting earlier than previously documented.
  • Findings have implications for neuropsychological theory and the development of interventions for older adults.
  • Motor inhibition deficits appear to be a key component of cognitive aging.