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Elevated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 serum levels in patients at risk for coronary artery disease
Ivo Martinovic1, Nico Abegunewardene, Marco Seul
1Department of Heart Surgery, Philipps-University Marburg Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
Insights
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is elevated in coronary artery disease (CAD). Elevated MCP-1 levels may indicate inflammatory activity, potentially serving as a marker for atherosclerotic vascular diseases.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Research
- Immunology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) drives monocyte recruitment to the arterial wall, a key process in atherosclerosis.
- Atherosclerotic vascular diseases, including coronary artery disease (CAD), are significantly influenced by inflammatory processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between serum MCP-1 levels and coronary artery disease (CAD).
- To evaluate MCP-1 as a potential biomarker for inflammatory activity in patients at risk for atherosclerotic diseases.
Main Methods:
- Serum MCP-1 levels were quantified using sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 263 volunteers.
- Coronary risk factors (hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, family history, smoking) were assessed.
- Soluble adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, E-selectin) were measured as indicators of endothelial activation.
Main Results:
- Patients with angiographically confirmed CAD exhibited significantly higher MCP-1 serum levels.
- In patients without CAD, elevated MCP-1 correlated with the number of coronary risk factors.
- Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule and soluble E-selectin were elevated in patients with CAD or multiple risk factors, suggesting endothelial activation.
Conclusions:
- Elevated serum MCP-1 levels may serve as a direct indicator of inflammatory activity in patients susceptible to CAD.
- MCP-1 shows potential as a biomarker for identifying individuals at risk for coronary artery disease and other atherosclerotic vascular conditions.
Background:
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is involved in the recruitment of monocytes into the arterial vessel wall as one of the major events leading to atherosclerotic vascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease (CAD).
Methods And Results:
The study group comprised 263 volunteers aged between 18 and 85 years who were admitted to hospital or clinic for scheduled invasive and non-invasive diagnostic procedures. MCP-1 serum levels were determined using a sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In each patient, the coronary risk factors (CRF), such as hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, obesity, positive family history, and smoking were evaluated. Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), and hemoglobinA1C levels were determined. Patients with CAD proven by angiography had significantly increased MCP-1 levels. In patients without CAD, the increase in MCP-1 depended on the number of CRF. As a marker for endothelial activation the soluble adhesion molecules, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule and soluble E-selectin were measured and both markers were significantly elevated in patients with CAD or multiple CRF when compared with patients without CRF. Although this is not a direct proof, endothelial activation could contribute to elevated MCP-1 levels in atherosclerosis.
Conclusion:
Elevated MCP-1 serum levels could serve as a direct marker of the inflammatory activity in patients at risk for coronary artery and other atherosclerotic vascular diseases.
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