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Hydrocephalus in herpes simplex type 2 meningitis.

Elaine Yap1, Rod Ellis-Pegler

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Auckland City Hospital, Grafton, New Zealand. mattandelaine@paradise.net.nz

The Journal of Infection
|November 30, 2005
PubMed
Summary

This study reports the first adult case of hydrocephalus caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 meningitis. This rare complication highlights the potential neurological impact of HSV-2 infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a common cause of genital herpes.
  • Meningitis, an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, can be caused by various pathogens, including viruses.
  • While HSV-1 is a more frequent cause of viral meningitis, HSV-2 meningitis can occur, particularly in immunocompromised individuals or as a primary infection.

Observation:

  • A 34-year-old woman presented with clinical symptoms indicative of meningitis.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid analysis confirmed the presence of herpes simplex virus type 2 as the causative agent of meningitis.
  • The patient developed hydrocephalus, a condition characterized by excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulation in the brain, on the second day of hospitalization.

Findings:

  • This case represents the first documented instance of hydrocephalus developing secondary to herpes simplex virus type 2 meningitis in an adult patient.
  • The occurrence of hydrocephalus suggests a potential for significant inflammatory or obstructive complications within the central nervous system due to HSV-2.

Implications:

  • This finding expands the known spectrum of neurological complications associated with HSV-2 infections.
  • Clinicians should consider the possibility of hydrocephalus in adult patients diagnosed with HSV-2 meningitis, necessitating close monitoring for signs of increased intracranial pressure.
  • Further research is warranted to understand the pathophysiology and optimal management strategies for HSV-2 meningitis complicated by hydrocephalus.

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