Transgene silencing may be mediated by aberrant sense promoter sequence transcripts generated from cryptic promoters

To investigate whether silencing of a T-DNA-carried nptII gene in five single-copy transgenic Arabidopsis lines might be due to position effects, genomic DNA flanking the insertions was analysed for gene density, GC content, presence of short repeats and transposable elements, i.e. factors suggested to promote silencing. No single, common factor could explain the observed silencing. However, in two lines, a transcript covering the nos promoter driving the nptII gene was detected. In sibling sublines with approximately 100% silencing, the nos promoter was heavily methylated. In silico analysis suggested the presence of cryptic core promoters upstream of the nos promoter, in one case in the plant DNA and in the other in a short inverted TDNA region. These fragments were able to drive reporter gene expression in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Our results indicate that methylation and silencing of transgenic promoters may be mediated by aberrant RNA transcribed from cryptic promoters at the transgene insertion site.