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Platelet function defects: a clinical review.

R L Bick1

  • 1Regional Cancer and Blood Disease Center of Kern, Bakersfield, California.

Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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Platelet dysfunction, both inherited and acquired, can cause bleeding. Prompt diagnosis and treatment, often with platelet concentrates, are crucial for managing hemorrhage from platelet defects.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Platelet dysfunction is a significant cause of hemorrhage, particularly acquired forms linked to trauma, surgery, or medications.
  • While hereditary platelet function defects are rare, hereditary storage pool disease warrants suspicion in pediatric cases with specific clinical signs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes, diagnosis, and management of platelet function defects, emphasizing acquired forms.
  • To highlight the diagnostic utility and limitations of the template bleeding time and recommend platelet aggregation studies when indicated.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of platelet dysfunction, focusing on acquired causes and diagnostic approaches.
  • Discussion of therapeutic strategies, including platelet concentrate transfusions and management of underlying conditions or offending drugs.

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Main Results:

  • Acquired platelet dysfunction, especially drug-induced, is common and presents with bruising or mucosal bleeding.
  • A normal template bleeding time does not exclude platelet dysfunction in clinically suggestive cases; aggregation studies are more definitive.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt recognition and management of platelet dysfunction are essential for controlling hemorrhage.
  • Treatment involves platelet transfusions for significant bleeding and addressing causative factors like drugs or underlying diseases.