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Melatonin, immune function and aging.

V Srinivasan1, G J M Maestroni, D P Cardinali

  • 1Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. saisrinivasaya@yahoo.com

Immunity & Ageing : I & A
|December 1, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Aging impairs immune function, increasing disease risk. Melatonin, a hormone decreasing with age, shows potential to boost immunity in older adults and immunocompromised individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gerontology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Aging leads to immunosenescence, a decline in immune function.
  • This decline correlates with increased susceptibility to cancer, infections, and degenerative diseases.
  • Key immune cells like natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, and T cells show reduced function with age.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the immunomodulatory effects of melatonin.
  • To investigate melatonin's potential therapeutic role in enhancing immune function in aged and immunocompromised individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on aging, immunosenescence, and melatonin's effects on immune cells and cytokines.
  • Analysis of melatonin's proposed mechanisms of action on the immune system.

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Main Results:

  • Melatonin levels decrease with age.
  • Melatonin stimulates the production of progenitor cells for granulocytes-macrophages, NK cells, and CD4+ T cells, while inhibiting CD8+ T cells.
  • Melatonin enhances cytokine production from NK cells and T-helper lymphocytes.

Conclusions:

  • Melatonin exhibits significant immunomodulatory effects, potentially counteracting age-related immune decline.
  • Melatonin may hold therapeutic value for enhancing immune function in the elderly and immunocompromised populations.
  • Further research into melatonin's mechanisms, including its interaction with the immune-opioid network, G protein-cAMP signaling, and glutathione levels, is warranted.