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Published on: September 19, 2019
Recasting research into children's experiences of parental mental illness: beyond risk and resilience
Brenda McConnell Gladstone1, Katherine M Boydell, Patricia McKeever
1The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, Ontario, Canada. brenda.gladstone@sickkids.ca
Insights
Children with mentally ill parents are often viewed through a risk/resilience lens. This study argues for expanding this view to recognize children as complex individuals with unique competencies and vulnerabilities.
Area of Science:
- Child Psychology
- Developmental Psychology
- Sociology of Childhood
Background:
- Children of mentally ill parents are predominantly framed by risk of developing mental illness or resilience.
- Contemporary discourse views childhood as a vulnerable developmental period requiring protection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore implications of the dominant risk/resilience framing of children with mentally ill parents.
- To advocate for an expanded conceptual repertoire for understanding these children.
Main Methods:
- Critique of existing risk/resilience literature concerning children of mentally ill parents.
- Analysis of research on parenting with mental illness, noting the absence of children's perspectives.
- Summary of 'new' social studies of childhood challenging passive child models.
Main Results:
- The dominant risk/resilience discourse overlooks the multifaceted experiences of children.
- Research on parental mental illness often neglects the child's viewpoint.
- New social studies of childhood offer alternative perspectives on children's agency.
Conclusions:
- Recasting children as complex individuals with developmental competencies and vulnerabilities is crucial.
- This reframing can lead to novel research into children's lived experiences with parental mental illness.
Abstract:
Children who live with a mentally ill parent are viewed primarily as being 'at risk' of developing a mental illness themselves and those who remain well are considered extraordinarily resilient. This particular risk/resilience discourse is embedded within larger contemporary discourses about risk and childhood. Childhood is seen as a critical period of development during which children need protection due to their physical and psychological vulnerabilities. In this paper, the implications of this dominant casting of children are explored and it is argued that the conceptual repertoire about those living with a mentally ill parent should be expanded. A critique of the literature that established the risk/resilience discourse is followed by a discussion of research about parenting with a mental illness within which children are surprisingly absent. Recent thinking about children arising out of the 'new' social studies of childhood is summarized to illustrate its resistance to the hegemonic image of children as passive, developing, 'unfinished' persons. A recasting of children as complex young persons who have competencies as well as vulnerabilities linked to their developmental stages, would lead to different lines of inquiry about children's experiences of mental illness in a parent.
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