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Related Concept Videos

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Epistasis Analysis01:09

Epistasis Analysis

Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants01:27

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...
Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...

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Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Annotation of Plant Gene Function via Combined Genomics, Metabolomics and Informatics
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Annotation of Plant Gene Function via Combined Genomics, Metabolomics and Informatics

Published on: June 17, 2012

Nutrient-gene interaction: metabolic genotype-phenotype relationship.

Vay Liang W Go1, Christine T H Nguyen, Diane M Harris

  • 1Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California-Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. vlwgo@ucla.edu

The Journal of Nutrition
|December 1, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Dietary guidelines help reduce cancer risk, but individual genetics play a role. Future research aims to integrate genomics and metabolomics for personalized nutrition to lower cancer risk.

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Annotation of Plant Gene Function via Combined Genomics, Metabolomics and Informatics
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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Genomics
  • Cancer Prevention

Background:

  • Dietary Guidelines for Americans offer evidence-based recommendations for healthier lifestyles and chronic disease risk reduction, including cancer.
  • Individual genetic predispositions significantly influence variations in cancer risk and nutrient homeostasis.
  • Genomic-nutrient and metabolic-phenotype interactions are crucial for maintaining health and overall phenotype.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of genetics and metabolism in individual responses to dietary recommendations.
  • To highlight the potential of integrating multi-omics data for personalized nutrition.
  • To advance the understanding of nutrient-gene interactions for cancer risk reduction.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing high-throughput technologies in genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to analyze biological data.
  • Employing functional genomics and metabolic profiling to measure gene expression and metabolic phenotypes.
  • Integrating data from DNA, RNA, proteins, and metabolic fluxes.

Main Results:

  • Genetics accounts for only a portion of interindividual variations in cancer risk.
  • Postgenomic technologies enable a holistic approach to studying nutrient-gene interactions.
  • Metabolic activities and their interactions with genotype and environment shape an individual's phenotype.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating multi-omics data offers a holistic view of metabolism-based nutrient-gene interactions.
  • This integrated approach can lead to individualized dietary recommendations.
  • Personalized nutrition strategies hold promise for diminishing cancer risk.