Medical management of noncognitive sequelae of minor traumatic brain injury

Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) encompasses the postconcussion syndrome characterized by symptoms that include a variety of physical symptoms as well as cognitive and behavioral impairments. The focus of this discussion is on the medical management of posttraumatic headaches, posttraumatic seizures, dizziness, auditory impairments, anosmia, tremor, paraspinal pain, and visual symptoms. Adjustment disorders with disturbances of affect and emotion lability also may accompany mild TBI. All of these conditions may be approached with medications or a variety of therapy techniques or both. The approach to concussion in sports-related injuries is also reviewed.