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Toscana virus (TOSV) is a prevalent arbovirus in Spain. This study found a 24.9% seroprevalence in Granada, with evidence of distinct Spanish and Italian TOSV lineages circulating in the Mediterranean.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Arbovirology

Background:

  • Toscana virus (TOSV), a Phlebovirus within the Bunyaviridae family, represents a significant arboviral threat in Spain.
  • Arboviruses pose a growing public health concern, necessitating detailed epidemiological surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the epidemiology of Toscana virus (TOSV) in Granada, southern Spain.
  • To characterize TOSV strains circulating in the region and compare them to existing strains.

Main Methods:

  • A seroprevalence study was conducted in Granada.
  • TOSV detection in sandflies utilized viral culture and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  • Phylogenetic analysis involved sequencing of the L and N genes of TOSV isolates.

Main Results:

  • The overall seroprevalence rate of TOSV in the study population was 24.9%, with prevalence increasing with age.
  • TOSV was identified in 3 out of 103 sandfly pools.
  • Sequence analysis revealed high homology (99%-100%) among Spanish TOSV isolates and identified distinct Spanish and Italian lineages.

Conclusions:

  • The findings confirm the circulation of Toscana virus in southern Spain.
  • Genetic analysis indicates the presence of at least two distinct TOSV lineages in the Mediterranean basin: an Italian lineage and a newly identified Spanish lineage.
  • This highlights the need for ongoing monitoring of arboviral epidemiology and genetic diversity.