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Related Experiment Videos

Ultrasonic atomization: effect of liquid phase properties.

Balasubrahmanyam Avvaru1, Mohan N Patil, Parag R Gogate

  • 1Chemical Engineering Division, University Institute of Chemical Technology (UICT), Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India.

Ultrasonics
|December 3, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Ultrasonic atomization produces smaller droplets with pseudo-plastic liquids compared to Newtonian liquids. Droplet size and distribution are influenced by liquid viscosity and cavitation effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Acoustics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Ultrasonic vibration at gas-liquid interfaces drives liquid atomization.
  • Understanding droplet formation mechanisms is crucial for optimizing atomization processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism of ultrasonic liquid atomization.
  • To investigate the influence of liquid viscosity and rheological behavior (Newtonian vs. non-Newtonian) on droplet characteristics.
  • To confirm the role of cavitation in the atomization process.

Main Methods:

  • Employing aqueous solutions of varying viscosities, including Newtonian (glycerin) and non-Newtonian (carboxy methyl cellulose) fluids.
  • Analyzing average droplet size and droplet size distribution.
  • Semi-quantitatively confirming cavitation using energy balance and measuring droplet ejection velocities.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Validating findings through the decomposition of aqueous potassium iodide (KI) solution.
  • Developing a predictive correlation based on dimensionless numbers.

    • Main Results:

    • Pseudo-plastic liquids yield smaller average droplet sizes than Newtonian liquids of comparable zero-shear viscosity.
    • Droplet size initially increases with viscosity up to a threshold, then decreases.
    • Increasing viscosity leads to a more compact (uniform) droplet size distribution.
    • Cavitation plays a significant role in the atomization process.

    Conclusions:

    • Liquid rheology and viscosity critically influence ultrasonic atomization performance.
    • Cavitation is a key factor in droplet ejection and size reduction.
    • A proposed correlation can predict droplet size for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids in ultrasonic atomizers.