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Mechanical models for living cells--a review.

C T Lim1, E H Zhou, S T Quek

  • 1Nano Biomechanics Laboratory, Division of Bioengineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore. ctlim@nus.edu.sg

Journal of Biomechanics
|December 3, 2005
PubMed
Summary

This review explores mechanical models for living cells, crucial for understanding cell integrity and function under various loads. Future models require addressing structural heterogeneity, constitutive relations, and active cellular forces for improved accuracy.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Mechanobiology

Background:

  • Living cells possess physical properties essential for maintaining integrity and biological functions.
  • Deviations in cellular mechanical properties can compromise cell health and function.
  • Quantitative studies of single-cell mechanics are vital for understanding cellular responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing mechanical models used to characterize living cells.
  • To examine models applied to cells under transient and dynamic mechanical loads.
  • To identify key factors for developing more accurate future cell mechanics models.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established mechanical models for cell characterization.
  • Analysis of models including cortical shell-liquid core, solid, power-law, and biphasic models.

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  • Discussion of model applicability to different cell types and conditions (suspended vs. adherent cells).

    • Main Results:

    • Identified widely used models for cell mechanics: cortical shell-liquid core, solid, power-law structural damping, and biphasic models.
    • Highlighted the specific applications and limitations of each model for different cell types and loading conditions.
    • Emphasized the need for further model refinement based on cellular structural heterogeneity and active forces.

    Conclusions:

    • Existing mechanical models provide a foundation for understanding cell mechanics.
    • Future advancements require integrating structural heterogeneity, distinct subcellular constitutive relations, and active cellular forces.
    • More realistic cell mechanical models will enhance the study of mechanotransduction.