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Related Experiment Videos

Cardiovascular malformations among preterm infants.

Kirsty Tanner1, Nilofer Sabrine, Christopher Wren

  • 1Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.

Pediatrics
|December 3, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Preterm infants have over double the rate of cardiovascular malformations compared to term infants. This increased prevalence of congenital heart defects in premature babies is linked to higher mortality rates, especially in term infants.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal cardiology
  • Perinatal epidemiology
  • Congenital heart disease research

Background:

  • Preterm birth and cardiovascular malformations are leading causes of infant mortality.
  • Limited population-based data exist on the relationship between prematurity and congenital heart defects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and spectrum of cardiovascular malformations in preterm infants.
  • To assess the prevalence of prematurity in infants diagnosed with cardiovascular malformations.
  • To evaluate the impact of prematurity and cardiovascular malformations on infant outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Population-based study using data from the former Northern Health Region of England (1987-2001).
  • Inclusion of live-born infants diagnosed with cardiovascular malformations by 12 months of age.

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  • Exclusion of isolated patent ductus arteriosus and atrial septal defects; classification of ventricular septal defects based on surgical need.

    • Main Results:

    • Cardiovascular malformations occurred in 5.7 per 1000 live births, with higher prevalence in preterm infants (12.5 per 1000) versus term infants (5.1 per 1000).
    • Preterm infants had 2.4 times the odds of having a cardiovascular malformation (OR 2.4; 95% CI: 2.2-2.7).
    • Mortality risk was significantly increased for infants with cardiovascular malformations, particularly in preterm infants and term infants with these defects.

    Conclusions:

    • Preterm infants exhibit more than double the rate of cardiovascular malformations compared to term infants.
    • Preterm birth significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular malformations and is associated with higher mortality rates.
    • The association between prematurity and cardiovascular malformations requires consideration in risk assessment and surgical planning.