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Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during ultraendurance exercise.

Asker E Jeukendrup1, Luke Moseley, Gareth I Mainwaring

  • 1Human Performance Laboratory, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom. A.E.Jeukendrup@bham.ac.uk

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|December 3, 2005
PubMed
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Ingesting glucose plus fructose during prolonged exercise enhances exogenous carbohydrate oxidation compared to glucose alone. This combination also improves exercise performance and reduces stomach discomfort.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Nutrition
  • Metabolic Science

Background:

  • Optimizing exogenous carbohydrate (CHO(Exo)) oxidation is crucial for fueling prolonged exercise.
  • Understanding the impact of different carbohydrate formulations on substrate utilization and performance is essential for athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure exogenous carbohydrate oxidation and plasma glucose kinetics during 5 hours of exercise.
  • To compare exogenous carbohydrate oxidation after ingesting glucose versus a glucose + fructose solution during ultraendurance exercise.

Main Methods:

  • Eight trained athletes completed 5-hour exercise bouts at 58% VO2max.
  • Subjects ingested glucose, glucose + fructose (2:1 ratio), or water, with carbohydrate delivery at 1.5 g/min.
  • Stable isotope tracers ([13C]-CHO and [2H2]-glucose) were used to track substrate oxidation and kinetics.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Glucose + fructose ingestion led to a significantly higher peak rate of exogenous carbohydrate oxidation (1.40 g/min) compared to glucose alone (1.24 g/min).
  • The glucose + fructose group showed a faster increase in exogenous carbohydrate oxidation and a higher percentage of oxidized exogenous carbohydrates (65-77%).
  • Despite increased oxidation, plasma glucose appearance and disappearance rates did not differ between glucose and glucose + fructose trials, suggesting gluconeogenesis contributes significantly.

Conclusions:

  • Ingesting a glucose + fructose mixture enhances exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during prolonged exercise compared to glucose alone.
  • This enhanced oxidation may be linked to increased liver carbohydrate metabolism or lactate oxidation.
  • Glucose + fructose ingestion maintained exercise cadence and reduced perceived stomach fullness, indicating potential benefits for ultraendurance performance.