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[Risk factors for pediatric malignant bone tumors]
J Ferrís I Tortajada1, O Berbel Tornero, J A Ortega García
1Unidad de Salud Medioambiental Pediátrica, Sección de Oncología Pediátrica, Hospital Materno-Infantil Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain. ferris_jos@gva.es
Anales De Pediatria (Barcelona, Spain : 2003)
|December 6, 2005
Summary
This review identifies risk factors for malignant osseous tumors (MOT) in children and adults. Key factors for osteosarcoma include Paget's disease and genetic syndromes, while Ewing's sarcoma is linked to Caucasian race and parental occupation.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Oncology
- Cancer Etiopathogenesis
- Bone Neoplasms
Background:
- Malignant osseous tumors (MOT) are a significant component of pediatric neoplasms, yet their etiopathogenesis remains incompletely understood.
- While diagnostic and therapeutic strategies have advanced, knowledge regarding risk factors for these rare bone cancers is limited.
- Understanding risk factors is crucial for improving diagnosis, prevention, and research in pediatric oncology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To update knowledge on risk factors associated with malignant osseous tumors (MOT) in pediatric and adult populations.
- To disseminate information on key MOT risk factors to facilitate research, diagnosis, and prevention strategies.
- To encourage collaboration in the Environment and Pediatric Cancer research project.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature review was conducted covering the past 30 years.
- Databases searched included Medline, Cancerlit, Science Citation Index, and Embase.
- Search terms focused on pediatric bone cancers, osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and their associated risk factors and etiology.
Main Results:
- Malignant osseous tumors (MOT) constitute 6-7% of pediatric neoplasms, with osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing's sarcoma (ES) being the most prevalent.
- Identified risk factors for osteosarcoma include Paget's disease, genetic syndromes (e.g., Li-Fraumeni), chemical exposures (antineoplastic drugs), and ionizing radiation.
- Risk factors for Ewing's sarcoma include Caucasian ethnicity, parental occupation (pesticide/herbicide exposure), and maternal obstetric history, including parental smoking.
Conclusions:
- The precise causes of many malignant osseous tumors (MOT) remain unknown, highlighting the complexity of their origin.
- Established risk factors for osteosarcoma include Paget's disease, hereditary retinoblastoma, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, chemotherapy, and radiation.
- Key risk factors for Ewing's sarcoma encompass Caucasian race, parental occupation, parental smoking, and prior inguinal hernia surgery.
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