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Classical conditioning in drug-dependent humans.

C P O'Brien1, A R Childress, A T McLellan

  • 1Addiction Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6178.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|June 28, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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Learned behaviors from psychoactive drug use can be modified. A passive extinction technique improved outcomes for cocaine addicts in an 8-week outpatient program, demonstrating potential for clinical application.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Psychology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Repetitive psychoactive drug use leads to learned behaviors, classifiable via operant/classical conditioning paradigms.
  • Drug-induced conditioned responses are complex and bidirectional, with mechanisms not fully understood.
  • Advanced techniques like micro-dialysis and neuroimaging (PET, SPECT) offer new avenues for studying these mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical utility of modifying drug-associated conditioned responses.
  • To assess the effectiveness of a passive extinction technique in improving treatment outcomes for drug users.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a passive extinction technique within an 8-week outpatient treatment program.
  • Focused on modifying conditioned responses in a clinical population (cocaine addicts).

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Main Results:

  • The study provided evidence that modifying conditioned responses can positively influence clinical outcomes.
  • A passive extinction technique demonstrated efficacy in improving outcomes for cocaine addicts.

Conclusions:

  • Conditioned responses play a significant role in drug addiction.
  • Clinical interventions targeting the modification of conditioned responses show promise for improving treatment success in substance use disorders.