Microcirculation patterns in different stages of melanoma growth

Several microcirculation patterns in tumors have been reported, including vasculogenic mimicry (VM), mosaic vessels (MV) and endothelium-dependent vessels. To investigate the sources of blood supply during different tumor stages, we studied the correlation between expression of vasculogenic mimicry (VM), mosaic vessels (MV) and endothelium-dependent vessels in a mouse melanoma xenograph. Sixty C57 mice were divided into 12 groups (5 mice per group) and inoculated with B16 melanoma cells. Eleven days later, the average tumor size was approximately 0.2 to 0.3 cm. From days 11 to 22, one group per day was randomly sacrificed, and the density of vasculogenic mimicry, mosaic vessels and endothelium-dependent vessels was measured in tumor tissue sections. Immunohistochemical dual-staining and electronic microscopy were also used to confirm the vessel types. All three types of microcirculation patterns were observed during tumor development. In the early stage of tumor growth, vasculogenic mimicry is the main pattern of blood supply. As the area of tumor tissue expands and the number of endothelium increase, vasculogenic mimicry is replaced by endothelium-dependent vessels. Mosaic vessels might be the interim state between vasculogenic mimicry and endothelium-dependent vessels. The number of endothelium-dependent vessels correlated with the size of the tumor (r=0.718, P=0.009), while the number of vasculogenic mimicry was inversely correlated (r=0.77, P=0.003). In conclusion, the number of vasculogenic mimicry decreased and the number of endothelial-dependent vessels increased during tumor growth.