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Related Experiment Videos

Baroreflex sensitivity during static exercise in individuals with Down Syndrome.

Kevin S Heffernan1, Tracy Baynard, Styliani Goulopoulou

  • 1Department of Kinesiology and Community Health University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Champaign, IL 61820, USA.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|December 7, 2005
PubMed
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Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit reduced baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) during rest and isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise. This may explain their blunted heart rate response to physical challenges.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) display atypical heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) regulation during orthostatic stress and isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise.
  • These altered physiological responses suggest potential impairments in baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) within the DS population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) as a contributing factor to chronotropic incompetence observed during IHG exercise in individuals with Down syndrome (DS).

Main Methods:

  • Continuous recording of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) in 12 individuals with DS and 10 controls.
  • Participants underwent 2-minute isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC).
  • Spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was quantified using the sequence method.

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Main Results:

  • Individuals with DS showed significantly lower systolic BP (SBP) at rest and during IHG compared to controls.
  • A blunted HR and SBP response to IHG was observed in the DS group.
  • After adjusting for resting SBP, the DS group exhibited significantly lower BRS at rest and during IHG exercise.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) possess diminished baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) both at rest and during isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise when compared to control subjects.
  • This reduced BRS may underlie the attenuated heart rate (HR) regulation observed in individuals with DS when subjected to physiological perturbations.