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Updated: Aug 10, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of an Aspirin-fumarate Prodrug that Inhibits NFκB Activity and Breast Cancer Stem Cells
Published on: January 18, 2017
TNF-alpha enhances estrogen-induced cell proliferation of estrogen-dependent breast tumor cells through a complex
M F Rubio1, S Werbajh, E G A Cafferata
1Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Departamento de Sustancias Vasoactivas, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Abstract:
Breast tumors are usually classified according to their response to estrogens as hormone-dependent or -independent. In this work, we investigated the role of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha on the estrogen-receptor-positive T47D breast ductal tumor cells. We have found that TNF-alpha exerts a mitogenic effect, inducing cyclin D1 expression and activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Importantly, activation of NF-kappaB was required for estrogen-induced proliferation and cyclin D1 expression. TNF-alpha enhanced the estrogen response by increasing the levels and availability of NF-kappaB. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis suggested that the action of estrogens is mediated by a protein complex that contains the activated estrogen receptor, the nuclear receptor coactivator RAC3 and a member of the NF-kappaB family. Finally, our results demonstrate that activation of this transcription factor could be one of the key signals for estrogen-mediated response.
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