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Related Experiment Videos

Error-driven knowledge restructuring in categorization.

Michael L Kalish1, Stephan Lewandowsky, Melissa Davies

  • 1Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504-3772, USA. kalish@louisiana.edu

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|December 8, 2005
PubMed
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Learners restructure knowledge when dissatisfied with their current strategy and an alternative is available. Performance errors combined with awareness of a new strategy are key to successful learning shifts.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Learning Sciences
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Knowledge restructuring is a shift in learning strategy or representation.
  • Learners sometimes resist restructuring, preferring imperfect initial strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconcile conflicting outcomes in knowledge restructuring research.
  • To identify conditions necessary for inducing knowledge restructuring.

Main Methods:

  • Three category learning experiments were conducted.
  • Manipulated availability of alternative strategies and learner performance error.

Main Results:

  • Restructuring occurred only when an alternative strategy was presented AND the initial strategy produced errors.

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  • Neither error nor alternative strategy information alone was sufficient to trigger restructuring.

    • Conclusions:

    • Learner dissatisfaction with knowledge and availability of a usable alternative are crucial for restructuring.
    • A combination of error feedback and strategic guidance facilitates learning shifts.