Edward H Livingston1, Jordan A G Miller, Brian Coan
1Veterans Administration North Texas Health Care System, University of Texas Southwestern School of Medicine, Dallas, Texas 75390-9156, USA. edward.livingston@utsouthwestern.edu
Selective intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) is best indicated by preoperative hyperbilirubinemia or common bile duct dilation. Other factors like jaundice history or elevated liver enzymes often lead to unnecessary IOCs.
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