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Ochratoxin A in human kidney diseases.

R Fuchs1, M Peraica

  • 1Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.

Food Additives and Contaminants
|December 8, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin, is linked to Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) and urothelial tumors. While higher OTA levels are found in BEN regions, its direct role remains uncertain, even in dialysis patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Nephrology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a widespread nephrotoxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin.
  • Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) is a fatal human disease in specific European regions.
  • BEN occurrence correlates with high incidences of rare urothelial tumors in the renal pelvis and ureters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential role of Ochratoxin A (OTA) in the etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN).
  • To compare OTA levels in food and blood between inhabitants of BEN regions and other areas.
  • To assess OTA concentrations in patients with chronic renal insufficiency undergoing dialysis.

Main Methods:

  • Epidemiological correlation analysis between OTA occurrence and BEN/urothelial tumor incidence.
  • Measurement of OTA concentrations in food samples.
  • Quantification of OTA levels in human blood samples from different regions and patient groups.

Main Results:

  • OTA was found more frequently and/or at higher concentrations in food and blood of inhabitants in BEN regions compared to control regions.
  • Patients with chronic renal insufficiency on dialysis exhibited higher blood OTA concentrations than healthy individuals.
  • Dialysis treatment did not lead to a decrease in blood OTA concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • While OTA is present at higher levels in BEN-affected regions, its direct causative role in BEN development requires further investigation.
  • Elevated OTA levels in dialysis patients suggest impaired clearance or continuous exposure.
  • The findings highlight the need for further research into OTA's nephrotoxicity and carcinogenicity in the context of BEN.

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