Zygomycosis: an emerging fungal infection

Area of Science:

• Medical Mycology
• Infectious Diseases
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Zygomycosis, a rare but severe fungal infection, is caused by Mucorales fungi.
• The incidence of zygomycosis has been rising, with autopsy studies revealing infections in up to 6.8% of patients.
• Inhalation of environmental spores is the primary transmission route.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of zygomycosis.
• To highlight the increasing frequency and risk factors associated with zygomycosis.
• To discuss current and emerging treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of zygomycosis.
• Analysis of risk factors, including immunosuppression, diabetes, and specific medical treatments.
• Evaluation of treatment modalities, including antifungal therapy and surgical intervention.

Main Results:

• Zygomycosis cases have increased over the past decade.
• High-risk populations include immunocompromised individuals, diabetics, IV drug users, premature infants, and transplant recipients.
• Common presentations are rhinocerebral and pulmonary disease, characterized by tissue necrosis and thrombosis.

Conclusions:

• Zygomycosis is an emerging threat in the United States.
• Effective management involves controlling underlying conditions, aggressive surgical debridement, and antifungal therapy.
• Posaconazole shows promise for refractory cases.