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Related Concept Videos

Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Mechanism of Angiogenesis01:10

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

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Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Cancer Cell Migration through Invadopodia01:35

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Invadosome is a broad category of cell surface structures with proteolytic activity that  degrades the extracellular matrix (ECM). Invadosomes are present in normal cell types, including macrophages, endothelial cells, and neurons, as well as tumor cells. Although the macrophage podosomes and tumor cell invadopodia are classified as invadosomes, they have different structures, molecular pathways, and functions. Podosomes are short structures that last for a few minutes. However,...
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Development of the Lymphatic System01:15

Development of the Lymphatic System

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The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Model to Study the Systemic and Local Dynamics of CD8+ T Cells During LN Metastasis
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Lymphangiogenesis, inflammation and metastasis.

Sebastian F Schoppmann1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. sebastian.schoppmann@meduniwien.ac.at

Anticancer Research
|December 13, 2005
PubMed
Summary

The lymphatic system returns fluid to blood and aids immunity. Understanding lymphangiogenesis, the growth of lymphatic vessels, is key for cancer metastasis research and potential therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Cancer Metastasis

Background:

  • The lymphatic vascular system is crucial for fluid balance, immune response, and fat absorption.
  • Dysfunctional lymphatic vessels cause lymphedema, while tumor lymphangiogenesis can promote cancer spread.
  • Key regulators of lymphangiogenesis include VEGFR-3 and its ligands VEGF-C and VEGF-D.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis.
  • To highlight the role of lymphatic vessels in cancer metastasis.
  • To discuss the potential of targeting lymphangiogenesis for cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on lymphangiogenesis mechanisms.
  • Analysis of the role of lymphatic vessels in tumor progression and metastasis.

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  • Examination of growth factors and molecular markers involved in lymphatic vascular growth.

    • Main Results:

    • Lymphatic vessels are integral to cancer staging and prognosis.
    • Lymphangiogenic growth factors influence intralymphatic cancer growth and metastasis.
    • Targeting lymphatic vessels offers potential therapeutic strategies.

    Conclusions:

    • While VEGFR-3 signaling is critical, the precise mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis in human cancers remain incompletely understood.
    • Further research into lymphangiogenesis is needed to develop effective anti-lymphangiogenic therapies.
    • Targeting lymphatic vessels may provide novel approaches to combat cancer metastasis.