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Running performance differences between men and women:an update.

Samuel N Cheuvront1, Robert Carter, Keith C Deruisseau

  • 1US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760-5007, USA. Samuel.Cheuvront@na.amedd.army.mil

Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|December 13, 2005
PubMed
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Early improvements in women's running were due to social bias, not biological convergence. Current performance plateaus suggest remaining sex differences in running are biological, making natural narrowing of gaps unlikely.

Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Human Performance
  • Biatorics

Background:

  • Previous studies predicted a performance intersection between male and female runners.
  • These predictions were based on linear extrapolation of historical running data.
  • An early convergence was anticipated before the 21st century for certain distances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the projected performance intersection of male and female runners.
  • To investigate the reasons behind historical improvements in women's running times.
  • To determine the factors contributing to current sex-based performance disparities in running.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of historical running world records across various distances.
  • Application of non-linear data fitting to account for performance trends post-1985.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparison of performance plateaus and sex differences at different running distances.

    • Main Results:

    • Linear extrapolation models were inaccurate due to limited data and non-linear performance improvements.
    • Disproportionate early gains in women's running times are attributed to social and sports bias.
    • Women's running times have plateaued, similar to men's at comparable performance levels.
    • Sex differences in running performance from 100m to 10,000m show similar trends.
    • Remaining performance gaps are likely due to biological factors: men's greater aerobic capacity and muscular strength.

    Conclusions:

    • The predicted natural convergence of men's and women's running performance is unlikely.
    • Social factors influenced early improvements in women's running, creating an illusion of convergence.
    • Biological differences in aerobic capacity and muscular strength explain the persistent sex gap in running performance.