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Updated: Aug 14, 2026

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
Published on: July 29, 2014
Bovine adrenal medulla 22 reverses antinociceptive morphine tolerance in the rat
Jianping Jiang1, Jian Huang, Yanguo Hong
1Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Bioengineering School, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
Acute intrathecal (i.t.) bovine adrenal medulla 22 (BAM22, 10 nmol), an endogenous opioid peptide, induced equipotent thermal antinociception in naïve and morphine-tolerant rats while chronic BAM22 resulted in hyperalgesia and decrease in the effectiveness of antinociception. In rats made tolerant to morphine, prior administration of BAM22 (10 nmol, i.t.) significantly resumed antinociceptive response of morphine. The present study demonstrated that BAM22 was able to modulate maintenance of morphine tolerance.
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