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Related Concept Videos

Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:22

Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors01:28

Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors

Hematopoietic growth factors are molecules that regulate the differentiation rate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Erythropoietin (EPO), primarily produced by the kidneys, plays a crucial role in erythrocyte production. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, EPO is released into the bloodstream, reaching the bone marrow, where it stimulates HSCs to differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, which are vital for oxygen transport.
Thrombopoietin (TPO), mainly released by the liver,...
Leishmaniasis01:30

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Immuno-fluorescence Assay of Leptospiral Surface-exposed Proteins
10:47

Immuno-fluorescence Assay of Leptospiral Surface-exposed Proteins

Published on: July 1, 2011

Leptin is an eosinophil survival factor.

Sébastien Conus1, Andreina Bruno, Hans-Uwe Simon

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Switzerland.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|December 13, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Leptin acts as a survival cytokine for human eosinophils by delaying apoptosis. This finding is significant for understanding allergic and parasitic diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Leptin is a hormone regulating metabolism, immunity, and cell functions, including antiapoptotic effects on T cells.
  • Leptin also stimulates macrophages and neutrophils, with increased production during inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate leptin receptor expression on eosinophils.
  • To determine the effect of recombinant leptin on proapoptotic pathways in eosinophils.

Main Methods:

  • Examined leptin receptor presence using RT-PCR and immunofluorescence in eosinophils.
  • Assessed leptin's impact on eosinophil apoptosis via flow cytometry, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence.

Main Results:

  • Human eosinophils express leptin surface receptors in vitro and in vivo.

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Experimental Approach to Examine Leptin Signaling in the Carotid Bodies and its Effects on Control of Breathing
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Experimental Approach to Examine Leptin Signaling in the Carotid Bodies and its Effects on Control of Breathing

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Isolation of Targeted Hypothalamic Neurons for Studies of Hormonal, Metabolic, and Electrical Regulation

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Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Immuno-fluorescence Assay of Leptospiral Surface-exposed Proteins
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Experimental Approach to Examine Leptin Signaling in the Carotid Bodies and its Effects on Control of Breathing
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Experimental Approach to Examine Leptin Signaling in the Carotid Bodies and its Effects on Control of Breathing

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  • Leptin demonstrated concentration-dependent, antiapoptotic effects on mature eosinophils, comparable to GM-CSF.
  • Leptin inhibited mitochondrial proapoptotic pathways and activated PI3K/MAPK signaling cascades.

    • Conclusions:

    • Leptin functions as a survival cytokine for human eosinophils.
    • This role has potential implications in the pathology of allergic and parasitic diseases.