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Impacting infant head shapes.

Pat Hummel1, Dana Fortado

  • 1Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill 60153, USA. phummel@lumc.edu

Advances in Neonatal Care : Official Journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses
|December 13, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Infant sleep position changes, like the Back to Sleep Campaign, have altered typical head shapes, increasing plagiocephaly. Proper positioning and therapy can prevent or treat abnormal infant head shapes.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Craniofacial Development

Background:

  • Infant sleep position significantly influences head shape development.
  • The widespread adoption of supine sleep has shifted the norm from dolichocephalic to brachycephalic head shapes.
  • The American Academy of Pediatrics' Back to Sleep Campaign is associated with increased incidence of positional plagiocephaly and torticollis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of infant sleep position on head shape.
  • To discuss the increased incidence of positional plagiocephaly and torticollis.
  • To outline diagnostic and treatment strategies for abnormal infant head shapes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on infant sleep position and head shape.
  • Analysis of trends in infant head shape norms.
  • Discussion of clinical presentation and management of positional plagiocephaly and related conditions.

Main Results:

  • Supine sleep has led to a change in the definition of normal infant head shape towards brachycephaly.
  • Positional plagiocephaly and torticollis have increased since the Back to Sleep Campaign.
  • Premature infants in neonatal intensive care are at higher risk for positional plagiocephaly and dolichocephaly.

Conclusions:

  • Abnormal infant head shapes, including positional plagiocephaly and dolichocephaly, can be prevented or minimized with proper positioning.
  • Evaluation for abnormal head shape is crucial, considering etiologies like craniosynostosis.
  • Treatment involves positioning, physical/occupational therapy, and potentially helmet therapy.

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