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Risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis in Russia: case-control study
Richard Coker1, Martin McKee, Rifat Atun
1European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT. richard.coker@lshtm.ac.uk
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)
|December 13, 2005
Summary
Key factors contributing to pulmonary tuberculosis in Russia include unemployment and consuming unpasteurised milk. Other significant risks identified were low wealth, financial insecurity, and a history of incarceration.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health challenge globally.
- Identifying specific risk factors is crucial for targeted prevention strategies, especially in high-prevalence regions like Russia.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate and determine the primary risk factors associated with the development of pulmonary tuberculosis in a major Russian city.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study was conducted involving 334 adults with culture-confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis and 334 matched controls.
- Data on potential risk factors were collected via questionnaires, focusing on exposures before and during TB development.
Main Results:
- Significant risk factors identified include low accumulated wealth, financial insecurity, consumption of unpasteurised milk, diabetes, and illicit drug use.
- Unemployment, overcrowded living conditions, a history of incarceration (pretrial detention and prison), and living with a relative with TB were also strongly associated with increased risk.
Conclusions:
- After accounting for exposure prevalence, unemployment and consumption of unpasteurised milk emerged as the most critical factors driving pulmonary tuberculosis incidence in the studied Russian population.
- These findings underscore the importance of socioeconomic factors and food safety in TB prevention efforts.
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