[Interventional bronchoscopy in the management of lung cancer]

The techniques of interventional bronchoscopy have acquired an important place in the management of lung cancer. Techniques to relieve obstruction requiring the use of rigid bronchoscopy under general anaesthetic were the first to be introduced. Laser therapy, which was initially used for coagulation can be replaced by electrocautery. The development of endobronchial stents provides a natural complement to techniques aimed at clearing bronchial obstruction by helping to maintain patency in the long term. Other therapeutic techniques can be deployed in association with those already mentioned, including photodynamic therapy and brachytherapy using low doses of radiation applied locally. These have particular potential for the treatment of early disease. Questions remain as to the precise indications for the different techniques and of how to identify which approach is most appropriate for individual patients.