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Related Experiment Videos

A CMOS image sensor with programmable pixel-level analog processing.

Nicola Massari1, Massimo Gottardi, Lorenzo Gonzo

  • 1Centro per la Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica, 38050 Povo (TN), Italy. gottardi@itc.it

IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
|December 14, 2005
PubMed
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This study presents a novel image sensor prototype capable of real-time analog image processing. The sensor achieves efficient edge and motion detection directly at the pixel level, demonstrating its potential for advanced imaging applications.

Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Computer Vision
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Traditional image sensors often rely on digital processing, which can introduce latency and increase power consumption.
  • Pixel-level analog processing offers a promising approach to overcome these limitations for real-time applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a prototype image sensor with integrated, real-time analog image processing capabilities.
  • To evaluate the sensor's performance in terms of image processing functions, dynamic range, and power consumption.

Main Methods:

  • A 34 x 34 pixel sensor was designed and fabricated using 0.35 µm CMOS technology.
  • A highly interconnected pixel architecture enabling analog operations (edge/motion detection, amplification, dynamic-range boosting) within a 3x3 pixel kernel.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Characterization of the sensor's dynamic range, frame rate, fixed pattern noise, and power consumption.

    • Main Results:

    • The sensor successfully implemented real-time analog edge detection, motion detection, image amplification, and dynamic-range boosting at the pixel level.
    • Achieved a dynamic range of 50 dB, extendable to 96 dB with double-sampling, at 30 frames/s and low power consumption (6 mW).
    • Measured fixed pattern noise was 1.1% of the saturation level, with a pixel pitch of 35 µm and 20% fill-factor.

    Conclusions:

    • The prototype demonstrates the feasibility of pixel-level analog processing for efficient, real-time image analysis.
    • The sensor architecture offers a significant reduction in power consumption and potential for high-speed imaging.
    • This technology holds promise for applications requiring low-power, high-performance image sensing.