Fabrication of three-dimensional structures by three-photon polymerization
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Updated: Aug 14, 2026

Two-Photon Polymerization 3D-Printing of Micro-scale Neuronal Cell Culture Devices
Published on: June 7, 2024
M Farsari1, G Filippidis, C Fotakis
1Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. mfarsari@iesl.forth.gr
Abstract:
We report the fabrication of three-dimensional structures of submicrometer resolution by three-photon polymerization. This resolution has been achieved by polymerizing ORMOCER, a UV photocurable organic-inorganic hybrid material, with an ultrafast laser irradiation at 1028 nm. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of three-photon polymerization, a process that may allow the fabrication of components of very high resolution.
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