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Myopia and refractive error in dogs.

C J Murphy1, K Zadnik, M J Mannis

  • 1Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|July 1, 1992
PubMed
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Myopia, or nearsightedness, is common in some dog breeds like German Shepherds and Rottweilers. However, guide dogs, particularly German Shepherds, showed significantly less myopia, suggesting environmental factors may play a role.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Ophthalmology
  • Canine Refractive Errors

Background:

  • Refractive errors, including myopia (nearsightedness), are increasingly recognized in canine populations.
  • Understanding breed-specific prevalence and potential contributing factors is crucial for canine eye care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of refractive errors, specifically myopia, in a diverse population of phakic (natural lens present) dogs.
  • To compare refractive error data between dogs in a general veterinary population and highly trained guide dogs, focusing on German Shepherds.

Main Methods:

  • Streak retinoscopy was used to measure refractive error in 240 phakic dogs of various breeds.
  • Breed-specific analysis was performed, with further in-depth investigation of German Shepherd dogs using A-scan ultrasonography and photokeratoscopy.

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  • Comparison of refractive data between German Shepherds in a veterinary clinic and those trained as guide dogs.

    • Main Results:

    • The overall average refractive error across all breeds was -0.27 +/- 1.41 D.
    • German Shepherd, Rottweiler, and Miniature Schnauzer breeds exhibited higher myopia prevalence.
    • German Shepherds in a veterinary population showed 53% myopia, while guide dog German Shepherds had only 15% myopia and a near-emmetropic average refractive error (+0.19 D).
    • Axial length and corneal curvature did not significantly differ between myopic and non-myopic eyes.

    Conclusions:

    • Certain dog breeds, such as German Shepherds and Rottweilers, have a higher predisposition to myopia.
    • The significantly lower prevalence of myopia in guide dog German Shepherds suggests that environmental factors or specific training regimens may influence refractive development.
    • Further research is warranted to explore the environmental and genetic factors contributing to myopia in dogs.