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Microbial transformations of selenium.

J W Doran1, M Alexander

  • 1Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Department of Agronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
|January 1, 1977
PubMed
Summary
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Soil microbes transform various selenium compounds into volatile dimethyl selenide. Corynebacterium and pseudomonad strains demonstrate distinct selenium metabolism pathways, highlighting microbial roles in selenium cycling.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Microbiology
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Selenium Chemistry

Background:

  • Selenium is an essential trace element with complex environmental cycling.
  • Microbial transformations significantly influence selenium speciation and mobility.
  • Understanding microbial selenium metabolism is crucial for environmental remediation and biogeochemical studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the microbial transformation of diverse selenium compounds.
  • To identify specific microorganisms involved in selenium methylation and reduction.
  • To explore the metabolic pathways of selenium utilization by soil bacteria.

Main Methods:

  • Incubation of resting cell suspensions and bacterial extracts with various selenium substrates.
  • Isolation and characterization of microorganisms utilizing organoselenium compounds.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of selenium transformation products using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

    • Main Results:

    • Corynebacterium formed dimethyl selenide from selenate, selenite, elemental selenium, selenomethionine, selenocystine, and methaneseleninate.
    • Bacterial extracts catalyzed dimethyl selenide production from selenite, elemental selenium, and methaneseleninate, enhanced by S-adenosylmethionine.
    • A pseudomonad converted selenomethionine to dimethyl diselenide, and other isolates produced elemental selenium or selenide from selenocystine.
    • Soil enrichments converted trimethylselenonium to dimethyl selenide, and bacteria utilizing trimethylselenonium, dimethyl selenide, and dimethyl diselenide were isolated.

    Conclusions:

    • Soil microorganisms, including Corynebacterium and pseudomonads, play a significant role in the transformation of various selenium forms.
    • Microbial methylation of inorganic selenium compounds is a key process in the formation of volatile organoselenium compounds.
    • The isolation of bacteria capable of utilizing organoselenium compounds as carbon sources indicates their importance in selenium biogeochemical cycles.