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Bacterial plasmids in antarctic natural microbial assemblages.

H Kobori1, C W Sullivan, H Shizuya

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
|September 1, 1984
PubMed
Summary

Bacterial plasmids are widespread in Antarctic marine environments, found in sea ice, water, and sediments. These plasmids are more common in bacteria from low-nutrient conditions and can confer antibiotic resistance.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Environmental Science
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Antarctic marine ecosystems harbor unique microbial communities adapted to extreme conditions.
  • Plasmids, extrachromosomal DNA elements, play crucial roles in bacterial adaptation and evolution.
  • Understanding plasmid prevalence in pristine environments is vital for assessing microbial genetic diversity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the occurrence and characteristics of plasmids in psychrophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica.
  • To determine the relationship between isolation source, nutrient availability, and plasmid presence.
  • To assess the potential for antibiotic resistance associated with these plasmids.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and characterization of bacterial strains from various Antarctic marine sources (sea ice, seawater, sediments, animals).

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  • Detection of plasmids using DNA agarose gel electrophoresis.
  • Analysis of plasmid incidence based on isolation source and nutrient media.

    • Main Results:

    • 31% of 155 bacterial isolates carried plasmids, with incidence varying by source (sediments 42%, seawater 20%).
    • Plasmids were more frequent in bacteria isolated from low-nutrient media (46%) compared to high-nutrient media (25%).
    • Most detected plasmids were small (≤10 megadaltons), and 7 out of 48 plasmid-carrying strains exhibited antibiotic resistance.

    Conclusions:

    • Bacterial plasmids are ubiquitous in the natural microbial communities of Antarctica's pristine marine ecosystem.
    • Environmental factors, including nutrient availability, influence plasmid prevalence in these bacteria.
    • The presence of antibiotic resistance genes on plasmids highlights potential adaptive mechanisms in Antarctic microbes.