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Updated: Aug 14, 2026

Rapid Protocol for Preparation of Electrocompetent Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae
Published on: October 8, 2013
Electrical energy changes conductivity and determines optimal electrotransformation frequency in gram-negative
1Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., Johnston, Iowa 50131.
Abstract:
In many bacterial electrotransformation protocols, pulse time is related to the time constant for a capacitor discharging across a sample of fixed resistance. Using an electroporator which controls pulse time independently of the capacitor time constant, we found that the resistance of bacterial suspensions fluctuates widely during capacitor discharge. With three gram-negative species of bacteria, electrotransformation frequency and survival could be more simply related to the electrical energy delivered in each pulse than to component parameters, such as initial field strength, capacitance, and pulse time. In each case, the number of transformants per survivor increased exponentially and leveled off when more than 0.5 to 1.0 J of electrical energy was delivered. An inverse log-linear relationship between survival and energy delivered was also observed for all three species.
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