Sorption of heavy metals to the filamentous bacterium thiothrix strain A1

A study was undertaken to determine the ability of the filamentous bacterium Thiothrix strain A1 to sorb heavy metals from solution. Cells of Thiothrix strain A1 were harvested, washed, and suspended in solutions of metals. After an equilibration period, biomass was separated from solution and the metal content in acid-digested cells and/or filtrates was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Sorption of nickel and zinc was very rapid; most of the sorbed metal was bound in less than 10 min. The sorption data for copper fit the Freundlich isotherm, and nickel and zinc data fit biphasic Freundlich isotherms. Sorption of both nickel and zinc was dependent on cell age. Cells harvested 24 h after inoculation sorbed approximately one-half of the amount of metal per gram cell protein than did cells harvested after 48, 72, or 96 h. Calcium and magnesium effectively competed with zinc for binding sites, whereas potassium had only a slight effect on the capacity of cells to sorb zinc. The primary mechanism of metal sorption apparently was ion exchange, because 66 to 75% of nickel or zinc could be desorbed by placing metal-laden cells in a solution of 5 mM CaCl(2). A competition experiment with nickel and zinc indicated that both metals occupied the same sorption sites. The strong chelating agents EDTA and NTA effectively prevented metal uptake, but lactate enhanced the uptake of nickel. Thiothrix strain A1 grown in nickel-containing medium had a relatively low uptake of nickel compared with uptake by resting cells suspended in a simple buffer solution.