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Ultradian Growth in Prochlorococcus spp.

A Shalapyonok1, R J Olson, L S Shalapyonok

  • 1Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
|December 14, 2005
PubMed
Summary

The marine prokaryote Prochlorococcus shows ultradian growth, dividing more than once daily. This rapid cell division, regulated by a light-triggered timer, challenges previous assumptions about nutrient limitation in the open ocean.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine microbiology
  • Cellular and molecular biology
  • Oceanography

Background:

  • Prochlorococcus is a globally abundant marine cyanobacterium.
  • Its cell division is known to be synchronized with the light-dark cycle.
  • Previous studies suggested Prochlorococcus grows at its maximum rate in the open ocean.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the growth rate and cell division patterns of Prochlorococcus.
  • To determine the regulatory mechanisms underlying Prochlorococcus cell cycle.
  • To re-evaluate nutrient limitation in Prochlorococcus populations.

Main Methods:

  • In situ measurements of Prochlorococcus populations.
  • Laboratory cultivation of Prochlorococcus under controlled conditions.
  • Analysis of cell cycle progression and DNA replication timing.

Main Results:

  • Prochlorococcus exhibited ultradian growth, exceeding one division per day.
  • A second cell division occurred shortly after the first, without overlap.
  • Cell cycle timing was independent of light intensity and duration, suggesting timer-based regulation.
  • This ultradian growth pattern was previously unobserved in prokaryotes.

Conclusions:

  • Prochlorococcus can achieve growth rates faster than previously thought.
  • Cell cycle regulation in Prochlorococcus involves a light-triggered timer or circadian clock.
  • The findings necessitate a re-evaluation of nutrient limitation in open ocean environments.
  • This study opens new avenues for understanding prokaryotic cellular rhythms.

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