[Gynecomastia--pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment]

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Male Reproductive Health
• Surgical Oncology

Context:

• Gynecomastia is a prevalent condition characterized by benign enlargement of male breast tissue.
• It results from an androgen-estrogen imbalance at the breast tissue level.
• Commonly observed in adolescents and aging men, it can cause significant psychological distress.

Purpose:

• To provide an up-to-date review of gynecomastia, covering prevalence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
• To propose recommendations for the evaluation and management of patients with gynecomastia.
• To present information on current and emerging medical therapies for gynecomastia.

Summary:

• This review synthesizes current knowledge on gynecomastia, a common hormonal imbalance causing male breast enlargement.
• It details the condition's prevalence, underlying pathophysiology, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies.
• Proposed management guidelines and information on medical treatment options are discussed.

Impact:

• Aims to standardize the evaluation and treatment of gynecomastia.
• Provides a comprehensive resource for clinicians managing patients with this condition.
• Highlights the need for effective therapies to improve patient quality of life.