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Fetal programming of hypertension.

Barbara T Alexander1

  • 1Department of Physiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St. Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA. balexander@physiology.umsmed.edu

American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
|December 15, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Low birth weight (LBW) is linked to hypertension due to multifactorial mechanisms involving altered regulatory systems and renal functions. Fetal programming in adverse environments causes permanent adaptive responses leading to hypertension.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Epidemiological studies show an inverse relationship between low birth weight (LBW) and hypertension.
  • Animal studies increasingly support the link between LBW and hypertension.
  • Mechanisms involve multifactorial alterations in regulatory systems and renal functions for arterial pressure control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review adaptive responses in animal models of fetal programming.
  • To discuss mechanisms mediating fetal programming of hypertension.
  • To understand how adverse fetal environments lead to hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • Review of animal models inducing suboptimal fetal environments.
  • Analysis of studies on fetal programming and hypertension.

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  • Synthesis of findings on structural and physiological alterations.

    • Main Results:

    • Suboptimal fetal environments induce permanent adaptive responses.
    • These responses involve structural and physiological alterations.
    • Fetal programming is a key mechanism linking LBW to hypertension.

    Conclusions:

    • Fetal programming in response to adverse environments is a significant factor in hypertension development.
    • Understanding these adaptive responses is crucial for preventing hypertension.
    • Further research into mediating mechanisms is warranted.