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T regulatory cells in allergy.

Mübeccel Akdis1, Kurt Blaser, Cezmi A Akdis

  • 1Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Davos, Switzerland. akdism@siaf.unizh.ch

Chemical Immunology and Allergy
|December 16, 2005
PubMed
Summary

T regulatory cells (T(Reg)) are key to peripheral tolerance by suppressing allergic responses. They modulate immune cells and cytokines, promoting a healthy immune balance and offering new therapeutic avenues for allergies.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy Research
  • T-cell Biology

Background:

  • Peripheral T-cell tolerance involves activation-induced cell death, anergy, and T regulatory cells (T(Reg)).
  • Anergy, tolerance, and active suppression are linked mechanisms mediated by T(Reg) cells.
  • Skewing effector T cells to T(Reg) cells is vital for healthy immune responses to allergens and successful immunotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of T regulatory cells in peripheral tolerance to allergens.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which T(Reg) cells control immune responses in allergies.
  • To highlight the potential of T(Reg) cell-mediated suppression in novel allergy therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of T(Reg) cell function in allergen-specific immune responses.
  • Assessment of cytokine profiles, including IL-10 and TGF-Beta, produced by T(Reg) cells.
  • Investigation of T(Reg) cell effects on effector cells involved in allergic inflammation.

Main Results:

  • T(Reg) cell response abolishes allergen-induced T-cell proliferation and suppresses Th1/Th2 cytokine secretion.
  • Increased IL-10 and TGF-Beta from T(Reg) cells suppress IgE production and promote IgG4 and IgA.
  • T(Reg) cells directly and indirectly suppress effector cells like mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral tolerance to allergens is maintained by multiple active suppression mechanisms.
  • T(Reg) cells regulate antibody isotypes and effector cells, directing immune responses toward a healthy state.
  • These findings open possibilities for novel therapeutic strategies for allergic diseases.

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